Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, is an ancient art form that involves using heated beeswax mixed with colored pigments. The liquid or paste is then applied to a surface—typically prepared wood, though canvas and other materials are also used. The word "encaustic" comes from the Greek word "enkaustikos," which means "to burn in," reflecting the process of fusing the paint to the surface with heat.
Encaustic painting dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. The earliest examples can be traced to the 5th century BCE, where Greek shipbuilders used wax to seal and decorate their ships. This technique was later refined and adopted by artists who used it to create detailed portraits, particularly in the Roman-Egyptian Fayum mummy portraits. These portraits, characterized by their lifelike representation and vibrant colors, have endured for centuries, showcasing the durability and longevity of the encaustic medium. The technique fell out of widespread use with the rise of other painting methods but saw a revival in the 20th century, thanks to artists like Jasper Johns, who recognized its unique properties and expressive potential.
The process of creating an encaustic painting involves several steps. First, the surface, usually a wooden panel, is prepared with a layer of encaustic gesso, a mixture of glue and chalk, to ensure the wax adheres properly. Beeswax is then melted and mixed with damar resin, which hardens the wax and makes it more durable. Pigments are added to create the desired colors. The molten wax is applied to the surface using brushes or metal tools, allowing artists to build up layers and create a textured, three-dimensional effect. Each layer of wax is fused to the previous layer using a heat source, such as a heat gun, torch, or even an iron, ensuring the layers are bonded and the painting is stable. Artists can scrape, carve, or incise the surface to create intricate details, and additional materials like fabric, paper, or found objects can be embedded into the wax for added texture and interest. Once the painting is complete, it can be polished to a high gloss, giving it a luminous quality that is unique to encaustic works.
We invite you to visit Hamilton Williams Gallery & Studio at 403 East Union St in Downtown Morganton, North Carolina, to experience the captivating beauty of encaustic art. Our gallery offers a curated selection of works that celebrate the artistry and craftsmanship of local artisans. Explore the rich history and vibrant techniques of encaustic painting with us this July and discover the perfect piece to enrich your environment.